Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta 7 ta yi bikin zumunta ta ruhaniya, ta yi nazarin shekarun farko na ’yan’uwa a Amurka

Daga Frank Ramirez da Cheryl Brumbaugh-Cayford

Taron ’Yan’uwa na Duniya na 7 a ranar 26-29 ga Yuli a Pennsylvania ya tattara mutane dabam-dabam daga ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa da aka soma a Jamus a shekara ta 1708. A kan jigo. "Yan'uwa Aminci: Abubuwan Farko a Fahimtar," taron da aka gudanar a Elizabethtown (Pa.) College. Ranar ƙarshe a Cocin Germantown na ’yan’uwa da ke Philadelphia sun yi bikin cika shekaru 300 na ikilisiyar ’yan’uwa ta farko a Amirka.

Wannan shi ne taro na bakwai a cikin jerin manyan taro da ake yi a kowace shekara biyar ko shida tun shekara ta 1992 da Hukumar ‘yan’uwa ta Encyclopedia ta yi. Majalisun sun mai da hankali kan tarihin ’yan’uwa da gabatar da kasidu na ilimi, ibada ta yau da kullum da damar zumunci, da gina dangantaka tsakanin ’yan’uwa.

Don faifan hotuna na Majalisar Duniya ta Brotheran'uwa ta 7 da ranar bikin cika shekaru 300 na Cocin Germantown je zuwa www.brethren.org/photos.

Majalisar tana bikin dangi na ruhaniya tsakanin 'yan'uwa

A cikin Babban Taron Duniya na ’Yan’uwa na 7, shugabanni sun yi magana-a wasu lokuta cikin motsin rai-game da dangin ruhaniya na waɗanda suke wurin, duk da rarrabuwar kawuna da rarrabuwar kawuna da suka faru a ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa sama da shekaru 300.

Steven Cole, babban darekta na Cocin Brothers, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke kawo ibadar safiya. Ya jaddada ra'ayin 'yan'uwa na gargajiya da aka bayyana a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin gemeinschaft, yana mai bayyana shi a matsayin "ma'anar haɗin kai tsakanin mutane da ke nuna sadaukarwa mai zurfi.

“An san mu da ’yan’uwa domin haɗin kai na ruhaniya da muke tarayya da su,” in ji Cole. "Muna rayuwa ne a cikin duniyar da mutane ke wargaje, ja...kuma ba sa jin kamar suna cikin mutanen Allah." Hanyar ’Yan’uwa na iya ba da madadin ruhaniya. Bangaskiyarmu ga Yesu ta fara ne a cikin dangantakarmu. Hanyar almajirancinmu ita ce 'Don Allah ku zo tare da mu.' Wannan danginmu ne. Ta haka ne muke bin Yesu. Mu ne mutanen da ke da dangantaka don suna: 'Yan'uwa."

Da yake tunawa da taron farko na Hukumar ’Yan’uwa na Encyclopedia, Robert S. Lehigh na Cocin Dunkard Brethren ya gaya wa taron cewa mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa irin wannan rukunin ba zai iya yin aiki tare ba. Amma mambobin hukumar sun kula da damuwar wasu kuma suna aiki tukuru don cimma matsaya.

Dale Stoffer, wanda yake wakiltar Cocin ’yan’uwa a kan allo, ya ce: “Muna tuna wa kanmu a waɗannan taron cewa muna da abubuwa da yawa fiye da namu dabam.”

An wakilci ƙungiyoyin ’yan’uwa da yawa

Wadanda suka halarci taron tare da ’yan’uwa daga sassa daban-daban waɗanda ke da gadon imani da Alexander Mack Sr ya kafa sun kasance membobin Cocin Brethren daga Amurka da Afirka – ciki har da tawaga daga Ekklesiyar Yan’uwa a Najeriya (EYN) da shugaban coci daga Rwanda. .

Mutanen da ke da hannu wajen tsarawa da jagorancin taron sun fito ne daga
- Cocin 'Yan'uwa a Amurka
- EYN a Najeriya
- 'Yan'uwa Church
- Charis Fellowship (tsohon Zumunci na Grace Brothers)
- Conservative Grace Brethren Churches International
- Covenant Brothers Church
- Dunkard Brothers Church
- Tsohon Jamus Baptist Brothers, Asali taron
- Tsohon Jamus Baptist Brothers, Sabon Taro

Littafin shirin ya kuma ƙunshi bayanin wasu ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa na Old Order ciki har da
- Cocin Jamus Baptist Brothers
- Tsofaffin Yan'uwa
- Old Brethren Jamus Baptists
- Tsohon Jamus Baptist Church
- Old Order German Baptist Church

Mai da hankali ga ’Yan’uwa na farko a Amurka

Gabatarwa da tattaunawa sun mai da hankali kan tarihin farko da gogewar ’yan’uwa a Amurka, tare da kula da rayuwar wasu shugabannin coci na lokacin.

Dale Stoffer, Farfesa Emeritus na Tiyolojin Tarihi a Ashland (Ohio) Seminary Theological Seminary, ya buɗe da takarda akan "Me ya kai 'yan'uwa zuwa Amurka?"

Ya zayyana yanayin da ’yan’uwa na farko suka fito a Turai a farkon shekarun 1700. "Masu tarihi dole ne su shiga cikin mahallin mutane da abubuwan tarihi na wani lokaci don fahimtar ainihin abin da ya jagoranci mutane da al'ummomi suyi kamar yadda suka yi."

Muhimman abubuwa a cikin mahallin tarihi na 'yan'uwa na farko sun haɗa da tsarin Jamus a cikin shekarun da suka gabata 1708, yanayin siyasa na ɗimbin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin siyasa, barnar da Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin (1618-1648) ya haifar. wanda shuwagabannin siyasa suka kayyade addinin yankinsu, tare da taurin kan akidar addini da kuma tsananta wa wadanda ba su yarda ba. Wannan shi ne mahallin da Alexander Mack Sr., wanda aka haifa a 1679, ya sami kansa, in ji Stoffer. “Kowane sarki ko birni zai iya tantance addinin da mutanensa suke yi. daidaikun mutane ba su da wani zabi a wannan lamarin.”

’Yancin faɗar addini a Pennsylvania ya nuna ’yan’uwa na farko. Abubuwan da suka shafi tattalin arziki a Turai, gami da matsananciyar talauci, sun sa 'yan'uwa su buɗe ga rahotanni masu haske daga bakin haure na farko, in ji Stoffer. Ya kuma ambata rashin jituwa tsakanin ’yan’uwa na farko a Turai, musamman a ikilisiyar Krefeld, a matsayin muhimmin abin da ya sa suka yanke shawarar barin. Wani rukuni na ’yan’uwa daga Krefeld, wanda Peter Becker ya jagoranta, suka ƙaura zuwa Pennsylvania a shekara ta 1719. Wata ƙungiyar kuma, wadda Mack ya jagoranta, ta ƙaura a shekara ta 1729. A shekara ta 1735, ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa ta dasa sarai zuwa ƙasashen Amirka.

Denise Kettering-Lane na Church of the Brother, mataimakin farfesa na Nazarin 'yan'uwa a Bethany Theological Seminary a Richmond, Ind., yayi magana a kan. "Sake farawa a Amurka: Wadanne Dalilai ne suka jinkirta ko inganta Sake Ayyukan 'Yan'uwa a Amurka Mallaka?"

“Asiri da yawa sun wanzu a cikin tarihin ’yan’uwa,” in ji ta. Babban asiri shi ne wanda aka zaɓa daga cikin ’yan’uwa na farko da kuri’a don yi wa wanda ya kafa baftisma, Alexander Mack Sr. Kettering-Lane ya yi magana ga asiri na biyu, dalilin da ya sa ’yan’uwa suka ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don sake kafa cocin bayan da suka fara isa Pennsylvania a shekara ta 1719. . Babu shakka ba su soma bincika bukatar haɗuwa tare a rukuni ba sai a shekara ta 1722, kuma ba su yi baftisma da liyafar ƙauna ba sai a ƙarshen shekara ta 1723.

Ba za a iya ɗauka cewa ’yan’uwa da iyalai ba sa nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki da addu’a a gidajensu, in ji ta. Amma idan aka kwatanta da sauran baƙi Jamusawa na zamanin da suka soma gudanar da ibada cikin sauri bayan isowa, ’Yan’uwa sun ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin su zama al’umma masu bauta.

Akwai rashin shaidar kai tsaye, don haka Kettering-Lane ta ba da ra'ayoyinta game da abubuwan da suka haifar da jinkiri: rashin jituwa a cikin ikilisiyar Krefeld wanda ya riga ya ƙaura zuwa Pennsylvania, rikici a cikin jirgin a lokacin mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa na dogon lokaci. Tafiya ta Atlantika, ƙalubalen a Germantown ciki har da yadda za a kafa sabbin hanyoyin rayuwa, da kuma kasancewar balaguron ƙasa a lokacin yana da wahala. Pennsylvania ta ba da sabon zarafi na tattalin arziki, kuma ’yan’uwa da yawa sun canja sana’a. Waɗanda suka zaɓi noma sun ƙaura zuwa ƙauye, inda aikin noma zai kasance mai wahala. "Matsalar ginin da matsugunai suka yi a lokacin da suka iso yana da ban mamaki, yana ɗaukar lokaci, kuma yana gajiya," in ji ta. Ƙari ga haka, ’Yan’uwa sun shagala wajen haihuwa. "Yara suna daukar lokaci da hankali." A ƙarshe, ta kammala cewa: “Ayyukan taro yana da wuya, don haka ’yan’uwa ba su yi ba.”

Me ya hada su a karshe? Wataƙila wasu ’yan’uwa da suka zo daga Turai da kuma mutanen da suke so su yi baftisma sun sami wasu ƙarfafa don sake haduwa. "Yayin da sassan wannan labarin za su zama abin ban mamaki… za mu iya yin godiya cewa ’Yan’uwa na farko sun warware asirin kuma suka taru a safiya na Kirsimeti mai sanyi.”

Stephen Longenecker ne adam wata na Coci na 'yan'uwa, farfesa na tarihin tarihi a Bridgewater (Va.) College, wanda aka gabatar a kan "Ƙalubalen Juyin Juya Halin Amirka da Tasirin Christopher Sauer II, Mai bugawa da Dattijo."

Longenecker ya sake nazarin rayuwa da aikin Sauer Jr., yana nazarin tasirinsa a cikin al'umma mafi girma, sadaukar da kansa ga cocinsa, shaidarsa na jama'a ga kyawawan dabi'u-na addini da siyasa, da kuma mummunan tasirin yakin juyin juya hali a rayuwarsa.

A cikin nazarin shekarunsa na farko, Longenecker ya jaddada lamarin da mahaifiyar Sauer Jr. ta bar iyali don zama a gidan Ephrata Cloister, lokacin da danta yana da shekaru 10. Longenecker ya yi hasashen cewa ta shiga cikin al’ummar da ba su san aure ba ne domin ta kubuta daga bala’in haihuwa, yayin da ta koma ga danginta a lokacin da ta kai shekara 50. "Tabbas hakan ya bata wa yaron rai," in ji shi.

Longenecker ya ci gaba da yin magana game da yadda aikin Sauer Jr. ya yi na buga jarida, almanac, waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi, da sauran littattafai, da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki na farko na Jamusanci da aka buga a Amirka, dangane da sa hannu a siyasa.

"Gidan wallafe-wallafen Sauer ya kasance mai ban tsoro, tare da babban mai karatu," kuma Sauer II "an caje shi a dandalin jama'a" don ɗaukan ƙimarsa. Longenecker ya ce "ya shiga cikin danyen siyasa," in ji Longenecker. Sauer Jr. kuma ya yi abokan gaba, ciki har da mawallafin abokin hamayya Benjamin Franklin. A wasu lokuta, Sauer Jr. "ya roki zaman lafiya amma kalamansa sun yi zafi." Dabi'unsa da ke da matukar tayar da hankali a lokacin sun hada da matsayinsa na yaki da bauta, kuma ya koka da wahalhalun da yaki da talauci suka haddasa, in ji Longenecker.

Sauer Jr. ya cancanci yabo don matsayi na jama'a, tushen bangaskiya. "Muna buƙatar ƙarin masu bi kamar Sauer," in ji Longenecker. "Bari mu duka mu kasance masu aminci da rashin yarda…. Domin sanya bangaskiyarsa a hannun rigarsa a bainar jama'a, Christopher Sauer abin koyi ne. "

Labarin Sauer Jr. ya ƙare da ban tausayi-ya rasa kasuwancinsa, tasirinsa, duk abin da ya mallaka, da kuma kusan rayuwarsa, a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Ba a bayyana ko yana da tausayin masu aminci ba, in ji Longenecker, amma ba shi kaɗai ba ne wajen yin adawa da yaƙi a lokacin da mutane da yawa a yankunan suka yi shakkar hikimar yaƙi da makamai kuma ’yan’uwa suka ƙi yin rantsuwar aminci. Sojojin juyin juya hali ne suka kama Sauer Jr amma ya tsallake rijiya da baya. Ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa cikin talauci duk da ci gaba da girmama shi a Germantown. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1784 yana da shekaru 63, bayan fama da bugun jini.

Takarda akan “Ephrata: Sashen Farko na Farko da Tasirin Sashen” wanda Jeff Bach ya rubuta, wanda bai iya halartar taron ba, Dave Fuchs ya karanta. Bach ya yi ritaya a cikin 2020 a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Matasa don Nazarin Anabaptist da Pietist a Kwalejin Elizabethtown, kuma a da ya koyar a Seminary na Bethany.

Takardar ta yi bitar labarin Ephrata Cloister, wata al’umma mai niyya da Conrad Beissel ke jagoranta, wadda ta rabu da shugabancin ‘yan’uwa a Germantown. Disamba 1728 ita ce ranar da Beissel da mutane shida na ikilisiyar Conestoga suka yi baftisma ta wurin nutsewa domin su “mayar da” baftismar da suka samu daga ’yan’uwa.

Takardar ta yi nazari kan abubuwan da ke tattare da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Beissel da ’yan’uwa, ciki har da shugabancin Beissel mai kwarjini da kuma imani da Beissel ya riga ya yi kafin ya zama ministan ’yan’uwa – ra’ayoyin sufaye da aka koya daga masu tsattsauran ra’ayi a Turai, da yanke hukunci game da bautar Asabar, da ra’ayoyi kan fa’idojin da ake samu. na rashin aure, da sauransu. Mabiyansa suna ɗaukar Beissel a matsayin annabi hurarre daga Allah. ’Yan’uwa, waɗanda da kansu suka yi gwaji a baya na rashin aure, sun kasa yarda da matsananciyar imaninsa. An yi wasu shekaru da iyalai da ikilisiyoyi da gasar addini da ke tsakanin ’yan’uwa da ’yan’uwa suka wargaje.

Robert Matthews, wani dattijo na ƙungiyar Little Swatara (Pa.) na Cocin Baftisma na Tsohon Jamusanci, Taron Asali, ya ba da takarda mai suna "Ci gaban 'Yan'uwa, 1735-1780: Abubuwan da Faɗawa Yamma da Kudu."

Gabatarwansa mai fadi ya ba da labarai da yawa na shugabannin coci da ikilisiyoyin da suka kasance wani bangare na fadada daga Germantown da Pennsylvania zuwa sabbin yankuna, gami da Carolinas. Tsananin hankali da rashin tausayi na ’yan’uwa ya taimaka wajen samun nasarar su a cikin al’ummomin noma, in ji shi. "Mun gano 'yan'uwa sun shagaltu sosai."

Bugu da ƙari ga tarihin da aka buga, Matthews ya ɗauko daga kwarewarsa na yanayi da kuma wurin da ikilisiyoyi da ’yan’uwa dabam-dabam suke, yana ba da ilimin da ya samu yayin da ya ja-goranci balaguron gado na ’yan’uwa da yawa. Ya bayyana tarihin tashin hankali da rudani, wanda ke kewaye da Ephrata Cloister da Conrad Beissel, wanda ya tsananta da mutuwar wanda ya kafa Brethren Alexander Mack Sr. a 1735.

Matthews ya kuma ba da labarin yunƙurin da Count Zinzendorf ya yi na haɗa majami'u masu magana da Jamusanci na Amirka ta hanyar tarurruka da dama, da yadda 'yan'uwa suka ƙi shiga, maimakon haka suka fara gudanar da nasu taron shekara-shekara. “’Yan’uwa sun fara gudanar da taron kansu. Za su tantance ko su wane ne da kuma wadanda ba su ba,” inji shi.

"Za mu iya koyan abubuwa da yawa daga gwagwarmaya, baƙin ciki, farin ciki, da kuma nasarorin waɗanda suka kafa tushen cocin yau."

Sam Funkhouser na Old German Baptist Brothers Church, Sabon Taro, babban darektan Cibiyar 'Yan'uwa da Mennonite Heritage Center a Harrisonburg, Va., ya yi jawabi kan batun. "Shekarun Tsayawa 1780-1810: Faɗawa, Tasirin Dattawa da Taron Shekara-shekara." A kan allo, ya ketare kalmar "Stabilizing" kuma ya maye gurbinta da "Golden," yana ƙara alamar tambaya.

Ya ƙalubalanci ra’ayin cewa ’yan’uwa sun riga sun ɗanɗana “Zamanin Zinare,” kuma cewa bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juyi ’yan’uwa sun shiga cikin “Lokacin Jeji.” Funkhouser ya yarda cewa a shekara ta 1780, ƙarni na farko na shugabancin ’yan’uwa ya tafi, an lalata aikin jarida na Sauer, kuma tare da shi zamanin bugu da wallafe-wallafen ’yan’uwa ya ƙare – kuma a shekara ta 1810 yawancin manyan abubuwan da suka faru na ƙarni na gaba na tarihin ’yan’uwa ba su samu ba. tukuna fara. Kuma ko da yake ’yan’uwa da ke jin Jamus sun soma amfani da Turanci a wa’azin da suke yi, bai kusa zama yarensu na farko ba.

Funkhouser ya gano ƙaura da haɓakar ’yan’uwa a wannan lokacin ta taswirorin da ke nuna inda sababbin ikilisiyoyi da al’ummomi suka taso. Ya kuma bibiyi ci gaban sabbin ayyuka na jagoranci da taron shekara-shekara.

Ire-iren tambayoyi da shawarwarin da ake yi a taron shekara-shekara suna nuna jigogi a rayuwar ’yan’uwa a waɗannan shekaru, ya ce: dangantakar Ikklisiya da jihar da kuma ra’ayin “sarautu biyu”, yadda za a magance abubuwan da ke tattare da kasancewa coci da ke adawa da bautar da bautar gumaka da kuma ’yan kasuwa. sayar da barasa, horo na coci, farillai, sutura da salon gemu da gashi, kuɗi, aure, matasa (“Tambaya ta har abada, menene za mu yi da matasanmu?”), da kuma duniya.

Funkhouser ya bambanta tsakanin duniya, wanda babban ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa ya ƙi a wannan lokacin, da kuma sabuntawa na duniya, wanda ya ce shine imani mai dadewa na mafi yawan idan ba duka shugabannin 'yan'uwa na 1700s zuwa farkon 1800s ba.

Funkhouser ya kammala da cewa lokacin ba shakka ba jeji ba ne, kuma ba duhu bane. Ya kuma yaba wa yanayin Kirista na darussan taron shekara-shekara na lokacin, yana cewa game da ɗaya, “Wannan minti ne mai daɗi sosai. Soyayya ita ce kowace kalma. Ƙauna, haɗin kai, zaman lafiya, tsarin dangantaka. "

Jared Burkholder, Farfesa kuma darektan shirye-shirye na tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Grace a Winona, Ind., ya gabatar da takarda akan "Gado da Ra'ayin Ruhaniya na Alexander Mack Jr." Ya sake nazarin rayuwar Mack Jr., yana kiransa "Sander" - sunan barkwanci da yake yawan wucewa.

Burkholder daga nan ya yi nazarin waƙar Mack Jr. don samun haske game da rayuwar ruhaniya ta ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma masu ban sha'awa na tarihin 'yan'uwa. Sander Mack "ya kasance babban mutum saboda shi dan danginsa ne," in ji shi. "Ya'yan wadanda suka kafa sun sha jin nauyin aikin mahaifinsu."

An haifi Mack Jr. a Schwarzenau, Jamus, a shekara ta 1712. Bayan iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Netherlands-kamar ’yan’uwa da yawa na lokacin, suna gudun ɓangarorin matsalolin tattalin arziki da tsanantawa—mahaifiyarsa da ’yar’uwarsa sun mutu a cikin mako guda da juna. Bayan shekaru tara ya koma tare da mahaifinsa zuwa Germantown. Bayan shekara shida mahaifinsa ya rasu. Tare da sauran 'yan'uwa, Sander ya fuskanci abin da ke zuwa bayan wanda ya kafa motsi ya tafi. A gare shi, da alama ya tilasta wani rikici na sirri, kuma yana da shekaru 26 ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Ephrata.

Ya koma Germantown a shekara ta 1747, aka kira shi hidima a shekara ta 1748, ya yi aure a shekara ta 1749, kuma ya naɗa dattijo a shekara ta 1753. Ya yi shekaru da yawa a matsayin dattijo mai daraja a coci. "Zai sake rayuwa shekaru 50 bayan nadin sarauta," in ji Burkholder. Mack Jr. ya mutu a cikin shekarunsa 90, ya yi nisa fiye da abokansa da na zamani.

Tuni mawallafin waƙa, kuma marubucin wasu rubuce-rubuce masu yawa, a cikin 1772 yana da shekaru 60 ya fara aikin rubuta waƙa a kowace ranar haihuwa-ba don bugawa ba, amma don kansa.

Don neman alamu a cikin wannan waƙar, Burkholder ya yi amfani da nazarin "mutum na ruhaniya" daga rubuce-rubucen W. Paul Jones a ƙarƙashin rubutun "Rabuwa da Haɗuwa," "Rikici da Vindication," "Ba komai da Cika," "La'anci da Gafara." ,” da kuma “Wahala da Jimiri.”

Wane hali na ruhaniya ne aka bayyana? Burkholder ya gano cewa halin ruhaniya na Mack Jr. yana nunawa sosai a cikin "Rabuwa da Haɗuwa." "Rayuwar sa aikin hajji ne," in ji Burkholder. An gano Sander a matsayin baƙo ga duniya, mai marmarin abin da ya wuce. A wani ɓangare, waƙarsa ta yi daidai da al'adar tunani da fahimtar sufanci na tsattsauran ra'ayi na Pietism da Ephrata Cloister, in ji Burkholder. Daga baya a cikin rayuwarsa mai tsawo, Mack Jr. ya rubuta game da tafiyar lokaci, kuma akwai tunanin tunani game da wahala da jimiri, wanda ya zama mai yawa tare da shekaru. Mafi ƙanƙanta na halayen da Jones ya nuna shine fanko da cikawa. Duk da haka, "sanar da rashin adalci a bayyane yake."

Burkholder ya kammala da cewa “Rayuwar Sander da rubuce-rubucensa sun nuna mai yiwuwa…mu haɗa nau'ikan sha'awar tauhidi a cikin rayuwarmu…. Ko da a tsakiyar aiki mai cike da aiki a matsayin babban dattijo, rafi mai tunani…[bai taɓa nisa da tunaninsa da sha'awarsa ba."

Taron tattaunawa akan "Bautar da Dangantakar Kabilanci a cikin Ikilisiyar 'Yan'uwa ta Farko: Amsa Nassi ga Antebellum Matsalolin Jama'a Mai Rarraba Amurka" bayyana Sheila Elwardani da kuma Dave Guiles, daidaitawa ta Dale Stoffer.

Elwardani masanin tarihi ne na addinin Amurka da tarihin Appalachian tare da mai da hankali kan lokacin antebellum da yakin basasa, yana da digiri na uku a tarihin Amurka daga Jami'ar Liberty.

Guiles ya kasance mai gudanarwa na Charis Alliance kuma babban darektan Encompass World Partners.

Elwardani ya mai da hankali kan batutuwan taron ’yan’uwa na kowace shekara game da bauta, yana mai nuni da cewa ba su magance tambayoyi na ka’ida ba. Ta yi mamakin ko shawarar 1782 tana wakiltar matsayi da aka riga aka tsara akan bautar. "Ina tsammanin babbar tambaya za ta fara a farkon," in ji ta. "Shin 'yan'uwa suna da cikakkiyar ma'anar ma'anar, cikakkiyar hangen nesa game da alaƙar haɗin kai da bauta, ko kuwa wannan tsari ne na ci gaba?"

*Tattaunawar da ke nuna (daga hagu) Dave Guiles, Sheilah Elwardani, da mai gudanarwa Dale Stoffer*

Ta yi nuni da cewa “duk lokacin da wata tambaya ta taso saboda akwai matsala ta gaske. Dole ne su (taron na shekara) su magance shi akai-akai. " Ta yarda cewa a wasu lokatai ’yan’uwa ba su zama abin koyi ba, ta ba da misalin da taron shekara-shekara ya tsauta wa waziri sau biyu domin ya nace ya yi wa’azi cewa Allah da nassi ne suka amince da bauta.

Mahalarta taron sun fadada tattaunawa game da yadda bauta da dangantakar kabilanci suka tsara al'adu da al'ummar Amurka a yau. Guiles, wanda ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana zaune a wajen Amurka, ya bayyana mamakin yadda dangantakar kabilanci ta kasance a Amurka. "Rayuwata ta tsunduma cikin ma'aikatun al'adu," in ji shi. "Lokacin da na dawo Amurka, na gano digirin da kuke son mutane ya bambanta da mu a kasashen waje."

Daga baya a cikin tattaunawar, ya ce, "Ina so in zurfafa [tambayi] ta yaya ƙungiyoyin da ke shirye su biya irin wannan yabo mai yawa don tsayawa kan bautar da ba su da kyau idan ya zo ga haɗin kai?"

A cikin bayaninta na ƙarshe, Elwardani ta yi magana da ƙwazo game da tsarkin dukan ɗan adam: “Mu masu tsarki ne, Allahnmu ne ya halicce mu…. Muna bukatar mu yi amfani da wannan ga duk wanda muka sadu da shi ba tare da la’akari da hakan ba.” Idan ba za mu iya yin hakan ba, ta ce, “muna bukatar mu yi shakkar cetonmu.”

Batun ya kasance mai sarkakiya ta yadda masu gabatar da shirin ba za su iya rufe shi ba, kuma a fili ana bukatar karin lokaci don samun cikakkiyar masaniyar Elwardani.

Tattaunawa game da farillai na ’yan’uwa mayar da hankali musamman ga liyafar soyayya ko “haɗin kai sau uku” wanda ya haɗa da abinci, hidimar tarayya, da wanke ƙafafu. An kuma tattauna abubuwan da ake yi game da baftisma, ziyarar shekara-shekara, da kuma rufe addu’a.

A taron akwai wakilai shida na ƙungiyoyin ’yan’uwa dabam-dabam, tare da Dan Thornton na ƙungiyar tsara taron a matsayin mai gudanarwa. Da yake gabatar da batun, ya lura cewa farillai na ’yan’uwa sun kasance tushen rigima da rarrabuwar kawuna da kuma tushen haɗin kai. Sun kasance tushen jan hankali a cikin ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa, amma a wasu lokatai suna da wahala ga sababbi, kuma a wasu lokuta suna kawo shinge ga karɓa, fahimta, da kuma shiga cikin ikilisiya.

Mahalarta taron kowanne ya amsa tambayoyi game da yadda aka yi amfani da farillai kuma a halin yanzu wani bangare ne na ayyukan cocinsu. Sun kuma ba da ra'ayi game da yadda za a haɓaka da kiyaye farillai kamar bukin soyayya. "Ma'amala da ƙafafun wasu ba shine a saman jerin kowa ba!" inji daya.

Da yake taƙaita tattaunawar, Thornton ya ce, "Bari mu ci gaba tare ta hanya mai ƙarfi, kuma mu koyi da juna."

Samuel Dali, Tsohon shugaban EYN wanda a halin yanzu ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na cocin Panther Creek Church of the Brothers a Adel, Iowa, tare da matarsa, Rebecca Dali, ya gabatar da tarihin EYN a wani bangare na bikin cika shekaru 100 da kafa cocin Najeriya.

Haka kuma shugaban EYN na yanzu Joel Billi ya gabatar da jawabin, wanda ya halarci tare da matarsa, Salamatu Billi, da takwarorinsa Elisha da Ruth Shavah.

Dali ya yi bitar shekaru 100 na tarihin EYN, inda ya tambayi yadda EYN ta samu mambobi sama da miliyan 1 tun farkonta a wani karamin kauyen Garkida da ke arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.

Ana bukatar fahimtar tarihin Nijeriya kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma yanayin mulkin mallaka, da kuma fahimtar yadda manufa ta Cocin ’yan’uwa ta bambanta da sauran. Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa wadannan shekaru 100 na EYN ‘ya’yan bayi ne, in ji shi – ma’aikatan mishan na Najeriya da Amurka da sauransu – wadanda suka amsa kiran Allah. 'Yan Najeriya a kowane mataki na aiki a cikin manufa da kuma a cikin coci sun ba da gudummawa. Waɗannan ƴan talakawa da ƙungiyoyin Ikklisiya galibi ana yin watsi da su a tarihin Ikklisiya, in ji shi, amma masu mishan ba za su yi nasara ba in ba tare da su ba.

Dali ya yi nazari dalla-dalla abubuwan da suka faru kafin kafuwar EYN, kuma ya ba da labarai na shekarun farko na wannan manufa da kuma yadda al’ummar da ke kewaye da ita suka kafu da karbuwa. Ya kuma yi bitar shekarun baya-bayan nan da EYN ta zama cocin Najeriya da Boko Haram da tashe-tashen hankula suka fi shafa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Tun daga lokacin, ya ce, EYN ta sake dawowa, tare da taimakon Cocin ’yan’uwa da ke Amurka da ta ce, “Muna tare da ku.”

A yau, EYN yana murmurewa, girma, kuma yana bunƙasa, in ji shi. Sirrin ci gaban EYN a duk tsawon lokaci shine “ƙananan mutane” waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa.

"Mene ne kamannin 'yan'uwa?" ya tambayi shugaban Cocin Brethren Global Mission Eric Miller, yayin da yake gabatar da tawagar Najeriya. Idan aka yi la’akari da adadin membobin qungiyoyin ’yan’uwa a duniya a halin yanzu, ’yan’uwa da suka fi kowanne dan Afirka ne, kuma mai yiwuwa dan Najeriya ne, in ji shi. Ikklisiyoyi na Afirka suna wakiltar yawancin ’yan’uwa a dukan duniya, in ji shi, kuma taron da aka yi a taron ba ya wakiltar yawancin ’yan’uwa a yau. Ya ci gaba da gabatar da tambayoyi masu alaƙa, ciki har da “Menene al’adar ’yan’uwa?… Abin da [’yan’uwan Afirka] ke yi shi ne na yau da kullun,” in ji shi, sa’ad da muka yi tunani “a fannin lissafi da kuma duniya baki ɗaya.”

Tambayoyi game da kwarewar mata

Kowace gabatarwa ta biyo bayan damar yin tambayoyi daga masu sauraro. Yawancin tambayoyi sun biyo baya kai tsaye kan takamaiman batutuwan da aka gabatar, tare da wasu kaɗan kuma suna tambaya game da dangantakar ’yan’uwa na farko da ’yan asali – batun da ba a yi magana ba musamman a cikin gabatarwa. Tambayoyi na ci gaba, duk da haka, ya yi kira da a kara kulawa ga kwarewar mata a tsakanin 'yan'uwa na farko.

An bukaci masu gabatarwa su yi magana game da rayuwar matan shugabannin ’yan’uwa na farko. Wani mutum ya tambayi ko mata suna da murya a cikin ’yan’uwa na farko. Kalamai da yawa daga masu sauraro sun mayar da hankali kan yiwuwar ’yan’uwa mata da suka bar iyalansu don shiga ’yan gudun hijira a Ephrata. An yi nuni da cewa mata na iya ganin ma'auratan a matsayin wata dama ta shiga harkar fasaha ta hanyar da ba za su iya yi a gona ko a Germantown ba. Shiga cikin gidan na iya zama abin jajircewa ga wata mace a lokacin, in ji wani, a cikin wani sharhi da ya nuna damuwa game da yadda ake bi da ’yan’uwa na farko a aurensu.

"Madogaran tarihi ba su da daidaito dangane da jinsi," in ji Burkholder, yayin da yake amsa tambayoyin da ya biyo bayan gabatar da shi kan Alexander Mack Jr. "Wannan wani yanayi ne na uba da al'umma. Wannan yana nufin cewa tushe… ba da ɗan gajeren lokaci ko kuma kada ku yi adalci ga muryoyin mata. Matan shugabannin ’yan’uwa na farko “masu muhimmanci,” in ji shi. "Ba mu da tushe kawai."

Ibadar yau da kullum

Ibadar safiya da ayyukan ibada na yamma sun ƙunshi saƙon da masu wa'azi daga al'adun 'yan'uwa daban-daban suka kawo ciki har da Steven Cole, Samuel Dali, Dave Guiles, Robert LeHigh, da Glen Landes da Michael Miller na Tsohon Baftisma 'Yan'uwa na Jamus, Sabon Taro.

Nemo ƙarin bayani game da 'yan'uwa Encyclopedia da allon sa a www.brethrenencyclopedia.org.

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