Taron shekara-shekara

Tashin hankali da Amfani da Makami 

1978 Church of the Brother Statement

Tambayoyi masu zuwa sun sami karbuwa daga kwamitin dindindin na taron shekara-shekara na 1977: 

Sayarwa da Sarrafa bindigogin hannu 

Ganin cewa Yesu ya ce: “Masu-albarka ne masu- sulhu: gama za a ce da su ’ya’yan Allah . . . 

Ganin cewa Cocin ’yan’uwa a al’adance ta himmatu wajen ceton rai maimakon a kashe rai . . . 

Ganin cewa ana samun mutuwar mutane 25,000 da suka shafi bindiga a Amurka kowace shekara . . . 

Ganin cewa akwai sama da mutane 200,000 da ke raunata ta hanyar bindigogi a kowace shekara wanda ke haifar da gurguzu, haifuwa, tarwatsewa, makanta, da sauran illolin nakasassu. . . 

Ganin cewa annabi Ishaya ya gargaɗe mu mu shirya kanmu don kwanakin salama ta wajen buge takubbanmu garmuna, mashinmu kuma su zama tsutsa . . . 

Cocin Pleasant Hill na Brothers, Gundumar Kudancin Ohio, ta wurin taron gundumomi, don haka ta gabatar da koke na taron shekara-shekara na Cocin ’yan’uwa a Richmond, Virginia, a cikin 1977 mai zuwa: 

Wannan taron shekara-shekara ya kafa kwamiti don nazarin batun sayarwa da sarrafa bindigogin hannu tare da ba da shawarwari game da martanin ɗariƙarmu game da batun. 

JD Glick, Mai Gudanarwa
Carolyn Weeks, magatakarda 

Ayyukan Taron Gundumar Kudancin Ohio na 1976: An wuce zuwa taron shekara-shekara. 

Ron McAdams, Mai Gudanarwa
Helen Cain, Mawallafin Rubutun

Tashin hankali da Amfani da Makami

Ganin cewa, matsalar tashe tashen hankula tana da tsanani a yawancin al'ummarmu; kuma 

Ganin cewa, yawanci ana amfani da bindigogi a matsayin kayan aikin wannan tashin hankali; kuma 

Ganin cewa, ’Yan’uwa bisa ga al’ada sun fahimci Sabon Alkawari don tsayawa kan tashin hankali, 

Mu, na Cocin York Center of the Brothers, mun taru a taron Majalisar a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1976, mun roƙi taron shekara-shekara don ba dukan ikilisiyoyi shawarwari da takamaiman ja-gora game da yadda za mu magance matsalolin tashin hankali da kuma yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. bindigogi a cikin al'ummarmu. 

John Young, Mai Gudanarwa

Carol Weaver, magatakarda 

Amsa taron taron gunduma na Illinois da Wisconsin a Lanark, Illinois a ranar Asabar, Oktoba 30, 1976: An wuce zuwa taron shekara-shekara. 

Russell L. McInnis, Mai Gudanarwa

Hazel Peters, magatakarda 

Aiki na 1977 Taron Shekara-shekara

Kwamitin dindindin ya tattara tambayoyi 3 da 4 tare. Fred Swartz ne ya gabatar da amsar da ke gaba na kwamitin dindindin ga waɗannan tambayoyin: 

Yayin da yake fahimtar cewa taron shekara-shekara ya yi magana kuma yana ci gaba da magana game da tashin hankali a cikin al'ummarmu, Kwamitin dindindin ya yarda cewa sayarwa, sarrafawa, da kuma amfani da bindigogi (musamman ma bindigogi) wani batu ne na musamman da ya shafi tashin hankali da kuma barazana ga bil'adama. rayuwar da taron Shekara-shekara ya kamata ya ba da ja-gora mai taimako ga ikilisiyoyinmu. Don haka, muna ba da shawarar cewa a zaɓi wani kwamiti na mutane biyar don nazarin wannan damuwa kuma ya kai rahoto ga taron shekara-shekara na 1978. 

An karɓi amsar da ke ƙasa kuma an zaɓi mutane biyar masu zuwa ta hanyar jefa kuri'a don yin wannan binciken: Robert Blake, Esther Eichelberger, Nathan Hefley, Peter Kaltenbaugh, da C. Wayne Zunkel.* 

[*Kwamitin ya kunshi limamin gidan yari na tarayya, mataimaki na shari'a, tsohon dan sanda, mafarauci, da Fasto.] 

Rahoton Kwamitin 1978 

I. Damuwa

Muna rayuwa a cikin al'ummar da ke daɗa tashin hankali. Mun ga shugabannin kasa da suka hada da shugaban kasa, shugaban kare hakkin jama’a, da Attorney Janar, an harbe su har lahira. Mun ga tashin hankali a manyan garuruwanmu. Muna rayuwa tare da karuwar laifuka. Mun ga mutane suna ɗaukar kansu don yaƙi don ceton wani abin mallaka ko wataƙila rayuwarsu. Rikicin ba wai akan tituna bane kawai. Wani kwararre a cikin ƙasa ya ba da shaida a gaban wani ƙaramin kwamiti na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka a wannan shekara cewa tashin hankali yana faruwa a tsakanin ’yan uwa fiye da yadda yake faruwa a kowane wuri in ban da sojoji da ke yaƙi da ‘yan sanda a lokacin tarzoma.(1)

An kiyasta cewa akwai bindigogi kusan miliyan 44 da ake yaɗawa a Amurka a yau. A hannun kowa, suna iya haifar da haɗari da kisa ta dubban. Maganar cewa mutane, ba bindigogi ba, suna kashe mutane, ya nuna cewa idan ba tare da bindiga ba, mutane za su nemi wasu hanyoyin da za su kashe juna - wuka, kulake, hannu. Amma kasancewar ko rashin bindigar hannu a cikin gida ko a kan mutum sau da yawa abu ne mai mahimmanci a sakamakon jayayya ko hari.(2) 

An yi amfani da kididdigar da yardar rai ta wadanda ke goyon bayan sarrafa bindigogi da kuma wadanda ke adawa da sarrafa bindiga. A yunƙurin yin aiki da haƙƙin haƙƙin ɓangaren ƙididdiga na wannan batu, an yi amfani da tushe na farko na bayanai, gami da Laifuka a Amurka 1976, Rahoton Laifukan Uniform da Daraktan FBI ya bayar)4); Don Tabbatar da Adalci, Don Tabbatar da Natsuwa a cikin Gida, Rahoton Ƙarshe na Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Ƙasa kan Musabbabi da Rigakafin Tashin hankali (5); da Gudanar da Gungun Hannu: Inganci da Kuɗi, Rahoton ga Majalisa ta Babban Kwanturolan Amurka, Fabrairu 6, 1978. 

The Crime Clock na 1976 da aka buga Satumba 28, 1977,6 yana nuna: 

—Ana yin kisa daya a Amurka kowane minti 28; 

— fashi daya a kowane dakika 75; 

-Mummunan hari guda ɗaya kowane sakan 64. 

A cikin 1976, an yi amfani da bindigar hannu a kashi 49% na yawan kisan kai 18,780; a cikin 1975, an yi amfani da shi a cikin kashi 51% na yawan kisa 20,510. A cikin waɗannan shekaru biyun, bindigogi da bindigogi sune makaman da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kashi 15% kawai na waɗannan kisan. Wuka ko kayan aiki mai kaifi shi ne na biyu mafi shaharar makamin da aka yi amfani da shi (18%), (7) amma mummunan hari da bindiga ya fi yin sanadin mutuwa sau biyar kamar yadda ake kai hari da wuka.(8) (Mutuwar ta mutu. sakamakon amfani da bindigogin hannu yana ƙaruwa idan muka ƙara alkaluman kisa na sama waɗanda ke mutuwa sakamakon sakaci, kashe kansa, haɗari, da kuma kisan gilla a bisa doka,)(9) Ko da ɗaukan bindiga ba ya kashe mutane—mutane suna kashe mutane—shi ne. gaskiya mutane suna kashewa cikin sauƙi da bindigogi fiye da ba tare da su ba. 

Kisan kai, Ta Nau'in Makamin Da Aka Yi Amfani da shi, 1976

Gungun hannu, 49%; Bindiga, 6%; Gun, 9%; Yanke Ko Sokewa, 18%; Sauran Makamai (Klub, Guba, Da sauransu), 12%; Makamin Keɓaɓɓen (Hannun hannu, Ƙafa, Ƙafafu, da sauransu), 6%

A cewar kididdigar FBI, kashi 68 cikin 1975 na kashe-kashen da aka yi a Amurka a shekarar 32 sun fada cikin daya daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in: mata da ake kashe mata, iyaye na kashe yaro, wasu kashe-kashen iyali, kashe-kashe saboda soyayyar triangles ko takaddamar masoya, ko wasu gardama tsakanin su. sani. Kashi 1968% ne kawai ke da hannu sanann nau'ikan laifuffuka ko nau'ikan mutane da ake zargi. Kuma yawan kashe-kashen iyali da na sani a duk sauran shekaru tsakanin 1975-10 ya ma fi haka.(XNUMX) 

Kisan Kai Ta Halin (Raba Kashi)—1975

Kisan Laifi: Sanannen kisan kai, 23.0%; Wanda ake zargin kisan kai, 9.4% 

Kisan da ba na laifi ba: Kisan dangi, 22.4%; Triangle na Romantic da sauran jayayya na masoya, 7.3%; Wasu muhawara, 37.9% 

Tushen: Rahoton Laifukan Uniform na FBI, 1975. 

Ƙari ga haka, a shekara ta 1976, an yi amfani da bindigogi a hare-hare 115,841 da kuma fashi 179,430. 

Bindigan da wuya ya zama kayan aiki mai inganci don kare gida daga ko dai ɗan fashi ko ɗan fashi. Dan fashi yana gujewa arangama kuma dan fashi yana tafiya da sauri. Binciken bayanan bincike da aka samu ya nuna cewa bindigar hannu a cikin gida ta kan ƙara yuwuwar kisan kai da munanan raunuka sakamakon rikicin cikin gida fiye da yadda take hana ɗan fashi ko ɗan fashi.(12)

Bayanan da aka samu sun nuna cewa akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin mallakar bindiga da kuma kisan kai da kuma harin bindiga a matakin yanki.(13) Duk da haka, alaƙa da alaƙa sun fi wuya a tantance. Shin karuwar laifuffukan da suka hada da bindigogi ne ke haifar da karuwar samun bindigogi, ko kuma karuwar aikata laifuka na haifar da karuwar mallakar makamai? Shin tsoro yana motsa mutane su sayi bindigogi don kare kansu? Nazarin ya nuna cewa al'amuran biyu suna faruwa, kuma, saboda haka, akwai tasirin madauwari. Mutane suna sayen bindigogi, laifuffukan da ake aikatawa da bindigogi suna karuwa, mutane suna jin tsoro, mutane suna sayen bindigogi, laifukan bindigogi suna karuwa, da dai sauransu. 

Dangantaka Tsakanin Mallakar Bindiga Da Adadin Kisan Bindiga, Ta Yanki

Tushen: Rahoton Kwanturola Janar, Fabrairu 1978.(14)

Rahoton Karshe na Hukumar Kasa kan Sanadin da Rigakafin Tashe-tashen hankula (Rahoton Hukumar Eisenhower, Disamba 1969) ya bukaci daidaikun ‘yan kasa, musamman kan hadurran bindigogi, da su yi tunani a hankali kafin yanke shawarar cewa lodin bindigogi suna da muhimmanci ko kuma abin da ake so don kare kai. (15)

II. Halayen Yan'uwa na Yanzu 

Kwamitin ya umarci J. Henry Long na Kwalejin Elizabethtown da ya binciki ’yan cocin ’yan’uwa don sanin halayensu kan batun sarrafa bindigogi da bindigogi. Tare da ƙayyadaddun lokaci da kasafin kuɗi, binciken ya mayar da hankali kan ƙoƙarinsa akan tsarin tsara tsarin masu biyan kuɗi na Messenger 1500. Don daidaita gundumomin da ke da ƙarancin masu biyan kuɗi na Messenger, an haɗa ƙarin membobi 400 masu matsayi da fayil daga ikilisiyoyin waɗannan gundumomin. Wannan ya ba da ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa waɗanda ba su da matsakaici a wasu halaye. Kashi biyu cikin uku maza ne; kashi uku cikin hudu sun ce suna zuwa coci kusan kowane mako; kuma kashi 60% sun nuna yarda da matsayin zaman lafiya na gargajiya na cocin. Duk da haka, an zana su daga kowace gunduma na ’Yan’uwa kuma, in ba haka ba, wataƙila ’yan’uwa ne. 

Wasu daga cikin binciken da aka gudanar a wannan kungiya sun hada da: 

1. ’Yan’uwa da yawa sun mallaki bindigogi fiye da na jama’a.(16)

 

 'Yan uwa

Zabe na Ƙasa (Gallup, 1975)

Kowa Bindiga

58%

44%

Handgun

21%

18%

Shotgun

47%

26%

Rifle

46%

18%


2. Baya ga mallakar bindigogi don farauta, kusan rabin bindigu na ‘yan uwa an yi su ne don kare rayuka da dukiyoyi.17 

   

 'Yan uwa

  

Zaɓen Ƙasa (Harris, 1975

Manufar Mallaka

Gun Handgun

Mallakin Shotgun

Bindiga Na Mallaka

Kowa Bindiga

farauta

76%

88%

86%

73%

Kare rayuwa/dukiya

49%

27%

28%

55%

Harbin manufa

58%

41%

49%

42%

Abun Mai Tari

48%

34%

34%

28%

Kare Kasuwanci

7%

3%

3%

13%

Bangaren Aiki

5%

2%

2%

6%

 

3. Mallakar bindiga a tsakanin 'yan'uwa da aka bincika wadanda suka yarda da matsayin zaman lafiya ya ragu da kashi 11% na 'yan'uwan da ba su yarda da matsayin zaman lafiya ba.(18)

4. A kan tambayoyi uku, ’yan’uwa sun ba da goyon baya mai ƙarfi ga dokar kame bindigogi, kusan kamar yadda aka samu a zaɓen ƙasa na 1975. (19)

 

'Yan uwa

Zaben kasa

Yarda da rajistar duk bindigogin hannu

75%

77%

Yarda da tsauraran dokoki don siyar da duk bindigogin hannu

72%

69%

Fa'idar rajista na duk bindigogi

63%

67%

A kan duk wasu nau’o’in sarrafa bindigogi, ’yan’uwa sun yi nazari sun bambanta sosai da ƙa’idodin ƙasa.(20)

 

'Yan uwa

Zaben kasa

Hana sayar da bindigogin hannu

32%

51%

Amincewa da ikon mallakar bindigogin hannu

24%

37%

Amincewa da haramcin mallakar bindigogin hannu a wuraren da ake yawan aikata laifuka

26%

44%

6. ’Yan’uwa da aka yi nazari kan su wane ne suka mallaki bindiga ba su da goyon bayan duk matakan sarrafa bindiga. (21) Misali guda kamar haka:

 

 

Favor Handgun Rajista

  
 

'Yan uwa

Zaben kasa

Dukkan mutanen da aka yi zabe

75%

78%

Mutanen da suka mallaki bindigogi

68%

69%

Mutanen da ba su mallaki bindigogi ba

82%

86%

7. A yunƙurin danganta ra'ayoyi game da rajistar bindigogi da ra'ayoyi kan matsayin zaman lafiya na Ikilisiya, binciken ya gano cewa kashi 86% na mutanen da suka yarda da matsayin zaman lafiya na Brotheran'uwa suna goyon bayan rajistar bindigogi. Akasin haka, kashi 51 cikin 22 na waɗanda ba su yarda da matsayin ’yan’uwa ba sun yarda da rajistar bindigogi.(XNUMX)

 

Yan'uwa Zaman Lafiya

        

Rijistar Bindiga

Ƙarfin Amincewa

Ƙaunar Yarda

Ƙaunar rashin yarda

Da Karfi Ban yarda ba

Babu Ra'ayi

Soyayya

86%

81%

70%

51%

58%

adawa

13%

16%

28%

48%

41%

8. Yawancin ’yan’uwa da aka bincika suna ganin ya kamata cocin ya ɗauki wani matsayi a kan sarrafa bindigogi kamar yadda aka nuna a baya; duk da haka, kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari sun nuna cewa ba sa son ikilisiya ta yi magana game da wannan tambayar.(23)

9. Kusan ba tare da togiya ba, goyon bayan matakan kame bindigogi ya fi karfi a tsakanin mata, matasa, masu ilimi, masu sana'a, da kuma wadanda suka yarda da matsayin zaman lafiya na gargajiya na coci. Mutanen da ke halartar majami'u mafi yawa na birni suma suna cikin ƙarin goyon bayan sarrafawa. Masu mallakar bindiga, ba tare da la’akari da wasu halaye ba, suna samun wahalar tallafawa matakan sarrafa bindiga; amma, kamar sauran, sun fi yarda su goyi bayan tsaurara iko akan bindigogin hannu.(24)

A fili yake cewa 'Yan'uwa 

— mallaki bindigogi fiye da matsakaicin ƙasa, watakila saboda kaɗan daga cikin mu ne ke zaune a manyan birane; 

—Mallakar bindigogi da manyan bindigogi da bindigu; kuma abin mamaki adadin mu yana da su don kariya; 

- ba su da ikon sarrafa bindiga fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa. 

Duk da haka, kashi uku cikin huɗu na adadinmu sun fi son yin rajistar bindigogin hannu. 

III. Duban Littafi Mai Tsarki*

* Godiya ga David W. Frantz don taimakon bincike. 

Daga Masanin Tsohon Alkawari 

Abubuwan Tsohon Alkawari sun mamaye manyan jigogi guda biyu: kariya da zaman lafiya. A cikin dukan Tsohon Alkawari, kariya ta gaskiya daga wurin Allah kaɗai take zuwa. Albarkar firist, Ku tafi lafiya, tafiyar da kuke tafiya tana ƙarƙashin idon Ubangiji, tana ba da shaida ga wannan batu (Alƙalawa 18:6). 

Har ma a cikin labaran Tsohon Alkawari da ke kwatanta amfani da tashin hankali, an bayyana sarai cewa bangaskiyarmu ba ta cikin makamai ba amma cikin ikon Allah. Alal misali, sa’ad da Dauda ya sadu da Goliath a fagen yaƙi, shaidan Dauda ce cewa Ubangiji wanda ya cece ni daga ƙusoshin zaki da beyar zai cece ni daga hannun Bafilisten (1 Sam. 17:37). Dawuda ya ƙi makaman da Saul ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba shi. Ba ta takobi ko mashi ne Ubangiji ke ba da nasara ba, amma da sunan Ubangiji Mai Runduna (17:45,47, 4). An kai mai karatu zuwa ga iko da kāriyar Allah—ba ikon Dauda ba, ko raunin Goliath, ko ma wajabcin ɗaukar matakan tsaro mai ƙarfi ba. Aikin ceto ya zo wa Dauda ta wurin ikon Allah, ba ta wurin amfani da makamai ba. Zakariya ya sake tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar: Ba da ƙarfi ko da ƙarfi ba amma ta ruhuna, in ji Ubangiji Mai Runduna (Zech. 6:XNUMX). 

Tun farkon zamani, mutane sun nemi zaman lafiya da 'yanci daga tsoro. Littafi Mai Tsarki, Allah yana ba da aminci ga masu aminci. Idan kun bi dokokina, idan kun kiyaye umarnaina, kuna kiyaye su, . . . Zan ba ku salama a ƙasar, za ku kwanta ku yi barci, ba wanda zai tsorata ku (Lev. 26:3,6). 

Annabi Ishaya ya ƙalubalanci masu sauraronsa su shirya don kwanakin salama ta wurin buga takubansu su zama garmuna, māsu kuma su zama ƙugiya (Isha. 2:4). 

A cikin nassosin Tsohon Alkawari, zaman lafiya, kariya, da ’yanci daga tsoron cutarwa da zalunci ba su zo ta kowane ƙoƙarinmu na ɗan adam don kare kanmu ba; maimakon haka, suna zuwa ne kawai ta wurin albarkar Allah. 

Daga Hangen Sabon Alkawari 

Ta wurin rayuwarsa da mutuwarsa, Yesu ya shaida cewa dole ne a shawo kan kuskure ba ta tashin hankali ba amma ta gaskiya, ƙiyayya ba ta ƙiyayya amma ta ƙauna, mugunta ba da makamanta ba amma da nagarta. 

—Masu albarka ne masu kawo salama domin za a kira su ’ya’yan Allah (Mt. 5:9). 

—Ku ƙaunaci magabtanku, ku kyautata wa waɗanda suke zaginku (Luk. 6:27). 

—Ga wanda ya buge ku a kunci, ku miƙa wa ɗayan kuma (Luk. 6:28). 

—Ku ƙaunaci magabtanku kuma ku yi wa waɗanda suke tsananta muku addu’a (Mt. 5:10-12). 

— Uba, ka gafarta musu; ba su san abin da suke yi ba (Luk. 23:34). 

Bulus ya yi kira ga masu bi su rinjayi mugunta da nagarta (Rom. 12:14-21). Game da ƙoƙarin masu bi na kāriyar kai, Bulus ya koyar, “Kada ku saka wa kowa mugunta da mugunta (12:17). Maimakon ya rama harin, ya kira mai bi ya gafartawa (Afis. 4:32). An gargaɗi masu bi su yi rayuwa cikin jituwa da dukan mutane (12:16) kuma an kira su su kasance a shirye su sha wahala har ma su ba da rayukansu idan ya cancanta domin ƙaunar Allah ta sulhu da adalci (1 Kor. 1:5; 1) Yoh. 3:16). 

Dangane da al’adunmu masu saurin tsoro, 1 Yohanna ya yi alkawari, “Babu tsoro cikin ƙauna, gama cikakkiyar ƙauna tana fitar da dukan tsoro (1 Yoh. 4:18). 

A cikin Tsohon Alkawari, an koya mana cewa Allah ne kaɗai ke ba da kariya. A cikin Sabon Alkawari, hanyar magance rikice-rikice a fili ta haramta amfani da tashin hankali. Kariya daga Allah take kuma daga wurin Allah ne kawai. Zaman lafiya yana zuwa ne kawai a matsayin baiwar Allah. 'Yanci daga tsoro yana zuwa ne kawai a matsayin albarka daga Allah. An kira Kirista ya zama mai kawo salama, mai ƙauna, mai gafartawa, bawan Kristi kaɗai ba amma na dukan mutane. Ana kiran Kirista zuwa rayuwar ƙauna da addu’a, ba rayuwar ramawa da kariyar kai ba. Ana jin ƙalubalen Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin kalmomin Ishaya. Lokaci ya yi da za mu buge takubbanmu garmuna, mashinmu kuma su zama tsutsa (Isha. 2:4). 

IV. Cocin 'Yan'uwa da Tashin hankali 

Cocin ’Yan’uwa ta yi magana ta hanyoyi da yawa kai tsaye da ƙarfi game da matsalar tashin hankali a cikin al’umma. A cikin bayaninsa na 1977 akan Adalci da Tashin hankali, ya ce. 

Don haka cin zalin mutum da mutum shine babban cin zarafi ga dangantaka da Allah. 

Taron shekara-shekara na 1785 ya tattauna batun da ke fuskantarmu yanzu. Amsarsu a bangare guda ita ce:(25).

Mun ƙara ganin cewa Mai Cetonmu mai ƙauna, ko da yake ba shi da laifi, an kai masa hari ta hanyar kisa . . . Bitrus kuwa ya yi gaggawar zare takobinsa bisa ga shari'ar Allah, ya bugi bawa, ya sare masa kunne. Amma abin da Mai Ceton ya ce: 'Maida takobinka cikin wurinsa; gama dukan waɗanda suka ɗauki takobi za su hallaka da takobi. A nan, hakika, ita ce babbar larura (domin kariyar kai), amma duk tsawon wannan lokacin Mai-ceto bai yi tsayayya ba, amma ya yi haƙuri da haƙuri har ma ya warkar da wanda aka sare masa kunne. . . . Ta haka Mai Cetonmu ya riga ya ce, 'Kada ku yi tsayayya da mugunta.' don haka ya ba da gaskiya, ya yi magana, haka kuma ya yi. . . . Don haka muna fatan ’yan’uwa ƙaunatattu ba za su ɗauke shi cikin kuskure ba lokacin da muka daga dukan waɗannan ayoyin Littafi Mai Tsarki, musamman daga kalmomin Bitrus, ba za mu iya gani ko samun ‘yancin yin amfani da kowane takobi (na jiki) ba, amma takobin Ruhu kaɗai. . . . . 

Amsar ikkilisiyarmu ta kasance daidai cikin tarihinta. A cikin 1845, alal misali, an rubuta mintoci na Taro na Shekara-shekara:(26)

Game da kasancewarmu marasa tsaro gaba ɗaya, ba wai don mu jure wa mugunta ba, amma mu rinjayi mugunta da nagarta, ’yan’uwa sun yi la’akari da cewa, a kusa da mu muna bin misali mai haske na Ɗan Rago na Allah, wanda da son ransa ya sha gicciye, kuma ya yi addu’a domin maƙiyansa; wanda, ko da yake magajin dukan kõme, yana da a duniya ba inda ya sa kansa - da more za mu cika babban kiranmu da kuma samun alheri mu ƙi kanmu sabili da Almasihu da Bishararsa ta sabili, ko da hasarar da mu dukiya, mu ’yanci. da rayuwar mu. 

A 1855, mun sake fuskantar batun. Shin ɗan'uwa yana da hakkin ya kāre kansa da mugun makami sa'ad da ya ga yana cikin haɗari? Amsar a cikin Mintuna kai tsaye:(27)

Ya yi la'akari, bai yi ba, tun da yake Mai-ceto ya ce wa Bitrus: 'Maida takobinka cikin wurinsa; gama dukan waɗanda suka ɗauki takobi, za su mutu da takobi’ (Mt. 26:52). 

Shahararriyar sanarwar taron 1935 wadda ta bayyana cewa, Mun yi imani cewa duk yaki zunubi ne, ya ci gaba, (28)

Wadancan imani ba su dogara ne kan wani koyaswar zaman lafiya ta musamman na namu ba; sun tashi daga bin ƙa’idodin Kirista ga dukan dangantakar ’yan Adam, ko dai mutum ɗaya, rukuni, aji, ko kuma na ƙasa. 

Matsayin 'yan'uwa a tarihi shi ne hanyar rashin tsayin daka ba ta dogara ne akan tunanin abin da zai yi tasiri ko cin nasara a yaki ko narkar da zuciyar abokan gaba ko kawar da maharin ba. Ya dogara ne bisa tabbaci a zuciyar bangaskiyar Kirista cewa nan gaba tana cikin Yesu Kristi kuma, saboda haka, za mu iya yarda da duk abin da zai iya kawowa ba tare da la’akari da kanmu ba—ko da yake yana iya kawo giciye.29 

Matsalar makaman tashin hankali mallakar ɗaiɗaiku a cikin ƙasa mai cunkoso, damuwa, da tashin hankali na iya zama ɗan lokaci na gaskiya ga ƙungiyarmu. A matsayinmu na ɗai-ɗai, muna fuskantar tambayar da ba a so na ko gaskiyar Littafi Mai Tsarki da muka yi amfani da ita a fili ga al’ummai da ƙabilu a wasu wurare za mu iya amfani da su a kan kanmu a inda muke da zama. 

V. Bukatar Ƙarfafa Tsare-tsare 

A halin yanzu, dokokin jaha da na gida da suka shafi bindigogin hannu sun ƙunshi “patchwork” na dokoki da farillai daban-daban, buƙatu da ma’anoni. Dokokin Jiha suna farawa kuma suna ƙarewa a layin jihohi. Yawancin dokoki ba su zama iri ɗaya ba a cikin wata jiha. 

Doka ba ita ce kadai mafita ga matsalar laifuka ta kasa ba. Tushen matsalar ya ƙara nisa zuwa cikin ginshiƙan al'ummar wannan zamani. Ko da yake sarrafa bindiga ba zai kawar da duk wani laifi ba, zai, a wasu sharudda, zai hana mutane raunata kansu da wasu. Watakila tsauraran dokokin sarrafa bindigogi ba za su rage yawan hare-haren tashin hankali ba, amma ya kamata a rage girman hare-haren tun da za a yi amfani da muggan makamai. 

Sarrafa bindigu mai yiwuwa zai yi tasiri kaɗan kaɗan a farkon. Tare da kiyasin bindigogi 44,000,000 da ke yawo a yau, 30 yana yiwuwa wani yanki na masu mallakar bindiga ba za su so shiga da son rai ba. Ƙaƙƙarfan takunkumi na doka da ingantaccen aiwatarwa na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka shiga. Mai yiwuwa tasiri na dogon lokaci zai iya inganta yayin da tsauraran matakan sarrafawa da tilasta yin aiki tare don kawo bindigogin hannu a cikin tsarin da kuma iyakance samuwarsu. 

VI. Shawarwari

Manufofin Kasa 

1. Muna roƙon Majalisa da ta haɓaka tare da samar da ƙarin doka don taƙaita samar da bindigogin hannu. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka tun daga matakai don ƙara daidaituwa (sabili da haka, tasiri) matakan sarrafa bindigogi na jihohi da na gida, zuwa ƙaddamar da shirin sarrafa bindigogi na kasa. Duk wata sabuwar doka yakamata ta haɗa da hanyoyin tabbatar da ainihin mutum da rashin asalin laifin aikata laifuka don siye ko mallaki bindiga, da kuma tsara yadda ake canja wuri a cikin keɓaɓɓen kayan aikin hannu na yanzu, ba sababbin bindigogin hannu ba. 

2. Muna kira ga dokar tarayya da ta tanadi hukunta masu karya doka cikin gaggawa da adalci. 

3. Muna rokon cewa doka a kan wannan batu ta ƙunshi tanadi don tantance lokaci-lokaci. Gabaɗaya, farashin duk wani tsarin ba da lasisin bindiga ko rajista ya dogara ne da abubuwan da tsarin ke buƙata, musamman ma tsafta da ingancin aikin tantancewar. Batun farashin dala, ko da yake na gaske ne, bai kamata a tantance shi kaɗai ba. Kamata ya yi a yi kimanta kwatankwacin fa'idodin ga al'umma sakamakon tsammanin ƙarancin kisa da farashin dala da ake buƙata don tsarin don samun daidaiton ra'ayi game da tasirin sarrafa bindigar hannu. 

Abubuwan Mahimmanci 

1. Gadonmu da bangaskiyarmu suna kiran mu daidaikun mutane 

— don tabbatar da alƙawarin mu ga Sarkin Salama; 

-mu bar bindigogin hannun mu da kanmu; 

— don bayyana cewa a matsayinmu ɗaya ɗaya ba za mu taɓa yin amfani da tashin hankali ga wani mutum don raunata ko kuma kashe ran ɗan adam ba. 

2. Muna kira ga gundumomi da ikilisiyoyinmu 

— don ba da dama ga faɗuwar mutum ɗaya. 

3. Muna kira ga Babban Hukumar 

— don shirya albarkatun ilimi a wannan yanki don amfani a cikin ikilisiyoyinmu da ke mai da hankali kan hanyoyin da suka yi daidai da koyarwar Kristi don magance rikice-rikice a gida, unguwanni, coci, da kuma aiki; da kuma kafa bita don horar da membobinmu amfani da wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, da sauran kayan taimako masu dacewa. 

-mu samar da RANAR SHAHADA da za mu iya bayyana kanmu kan tashe-tashen hankulan da ke kara ta'azzara da kuma komawa ga al'umma cikin kwanciyar hankali da kanta. Muna rokon Hukumar da ta ba da dama ga Yan'uwa da sauran su su bar makamansu; kuma, bisa ga mafarkin Ishaya, don samar da hanyar narkar da waɗannan kayan aikin halaka su zama kayan aikin salama; kuma, a gaba, don samar da hanyar da waɗanda ba mu da makamai za su iya samun damar ba da gudummawa daidai adadin dala don taimakawa rubuta shaidar. 

A matsayinmu na mutanen Allah, dole ne mu himmatu wajen kawar da duk makaman da ake amfani da su da farko don halaka mutane. 

Ta haka ne Mai Cetonmu ya faɗa a dā, 'Kada ku yi tsayayya da mugunta'; don haka ya yi imani, sannan ya yi magana, haka kuma ya yi. . . . Don haka muna fatan ’yan’uwa ƙaunatattu ba za su ɗauke shi a cikin kuskure ba sa’ad da muka fito daga dukan waɗannan nassosin Nassosi. . . ba zai iya gani ko samun 'yancin yin amfani da kowane takobi (na jiki) ba, sai dai takobin Ruhu. . .—Daga Mintunan Taro na Shekara-shekara na 1785 

An ƙaddamar da girmamawa:

Robert P. Blake
Esther N. Eichelberger, Sakatare
Nathan L. Heffley
Peter C. Kaltenbaugh
C. Wayne Zunkel, shugaba

Bayanan kalmomi 

1). Hadin kai, Fabrairu 14, 1978, p. 3. 

2.) Kwanturola Janar na Rahoton Amurka ga Majalisa, "Karfin Hannu: inganci da farashi," Fabrairu 6, 1978, p. 18. 

3.) Taron Mazamai na Amurka, 1975, “Karfin Hannu . . . Batutuwa da Madadin,” shafi. 4. 

4.) Kelley, Clarence M., Darakta FBI, "Laifuka a Amurka, 1976," Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, Satumba 28, 1977. 

5.) Wanda aka fi sani da Rahoton Hukumar Eisenhower, Disamba 10, 1969. 

6.) Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, "Laifuka a Amurka 1976," shafi. 6. 

7.) Ibid, shafi na 7-11. 

8.) Zimring, Franklin E., "Yin Ciki Game da Bindiga," Ƙasar Afrilu 10, 1972, shafi. 457. 

9.) Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, "Laifuka a Amurka 1976," shafi. 7: Ma'anar Kisa - kashe wani da gangan. Mutuwar da aka yi ta rashin sakaci, kisan kai, haɗari, ko kisan gilla ba a haɗa su cikin ƙidayar wannan rarrabuwa na laifi ba. Ƙoƙarin kisan kai ko kai hari ga kisan kai ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mummunan hari ba kamar kisa ba. 

10.) Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, "Laifuka a Amurka 1975," shafi. 19. 

11.) Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, "Laifuka a Amurka 1976," shafi. 13, 21. 

12.) Sauraron Majalisar Dattijan Amurka akan "Yawan Haɓaka Yawan Laifukan Makamai," Ƙwamiti kan Laifin Yara, Kwamitin Shari'a na 94th Congress, Zaman Farko, Rubutun Stenographic, Afrilu 23, 1975, Vol. 1, shafi na 128-9; Majalisar Amurka, House. Saurari kan "Dokokin Makamai," Kwamitin Kasa kan Laifuka, Kwamitin Shari'a, Majalisa na 94, Zama na Farko, Rubutun Stenographic, Maris 26, 1975, Vol. 8, ku. 529. 

13.) Rahoton Laifukan Uniform, "Laifuka a Amurka 1975," shafi. 18. Har ila yau: George D. Newton da Franklin E. Zimring. Makamai da Tashe-tashen hankula a cikin Rayuwar Amurka, Rahoton Ma'aikata ga Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Tashin hankali (Washington, DC,: Ofishin Buga na Gwamnati, 1970), p. 10. (Duba hoton da ke gaba.) 

Mallakar bindiga da yawan amfani da bindiga wajen kisan kai da mummuna hari ta yanki. 

* * * * * 

Tushen: Rahoton Laifukan Uniform na 1967; 1968 Harris zabe. 

14.) Kwanturola Janar na Amurka, "Karfin Hannu: inganci da farashi," Fabrairu 6, 1978, p. 20. 

15.) Rahoton Ƙarshe na Hukumar Ƙasa da Dalilai da Rigakafin Tashin hankali, Disamba 1969, p. 179-180. 

16). 13. 

17.) Ibid, Table 14, p. 21. 

18.) Ibid, Table 10, p. 15; Table 13, p. 20. 

19.) Ibid, Tables 15, 17, 18, p. 22-24. 

20.) Ibid, Summary, p. 35. 

21.) Ibid, Table 17, p. 23; Table 21, p. 27; Table 24, p. 29; Table 26, p. 31. 

22.) Ibid, Table 16, p. 23. 

23.) Ibid, Table 28, p. 33. 

24.) Ibid, Summary, p. 36. 

25.) Shultz, LW, "Minutes na Shekara-shekara taron na Church of the Brothers on War and Peace, 1785-1935." 

26.) Ibid. 

27.) Ibid. 

28.) Ibid. 

29.) Brown, Dale, Brothers and Pacifism, p. 18. 

30.) Dubi bayanin ƙasa na 2. Har ila yau: “Kayan da ake samarwa a cikin gida da shigo da kayayyaki suna ba da ƙididdiga marasa ƙarfi na ƙasa waɗanda ke nuna cewa a shekara ta 1976 kusan bindigogi 147,500,000 ne suka shiga kasuwa, kamar bindigogin da aka mayar da su a matsayin kofunan yaƙi (kimanin miliyan 8.8), bindigogin gargajiya, da makaman da aka kera don sayarwa. Sojoji ko (2) bindigogin da ke barin kasuwa saboda sun lalace, ko lalata su, ko kama su a matsayin haramtattun kayayyaki (kamar yadda aka kiyasta 250,000 kowace shekara).” Rahoto ga Majalisa ta Kwanturola Janar na Amurka, "Karfin Hannu: inganci da farashi," Fabrairu 6, 1978, p. 18. 

Aiki na 1978 Taron Shekara-shekara

C. Wayne Zunkel ne ya gabatar da rahoton, tare da mambobin kwamitin. An karɓi takardar tare da ƙarin gyara guda ɗaya wanda aka haɗa cikin kalmomin da suka gabata.